June 2012 Physics Regents

In a drill during basketball practice, a player runs the length of the $30$ -meter court and back. The player does this three times in $60$ seconds.

1. The magnitude of the player’s total displacement after running the drill is

(1) $0.0$ m
(2) $30.$ m
(3) $60.$ m
(4) $180$ m

2. The average speed of the player during the drill is

(1) $0.0$ m/s
(2) $0.50$ m/s
(3) $3.0$ m/s
(4) $30.$ m/s

3. A baseball is thrown at an angle of $40.0{\circ}$ above the horizontal. The horizontal component of the baseball’s initial velocity is $12.0$ meters per second. What is the magnitude of the ball’s initial velocity?

(1) $7.71$ m/s
(2) $9.20$ m/s
(3) $15.7$ m/s
(4) $18.7$ m/s

4. A particle could have a charge of

(1) $0.8 \times 10{-19}$ C
(2) $1.2 \times 10{-19}$ C
(3) $3.2 \times 10{-19}$ C
(4) $4.1 \times 10{-19}$ C

5. Which object has the greatest inertia?

(1) a $15$ -kg mass traveling at $5.0$ m/s
(2) a $10.$ -kg mass traveling at $10.$ m/s
(3) a $10.$ -kg mass traveling at $5.0$ m/s
(4) a $5.0$ -kg mass traveling at $15$ m/s

6. A car, initially traveling east with a speed of $5.0$ meters per second, is accelerated uniformly at $2.0$ meters per second^{2} east for $10.$ seconds along a straight line. During this $10.$ -second interval the car travels a total distance of

(1) $50.$ m
(2) $60.$ m
(3) $1.0 \times 10^{2}$ m
(4) $1.5 \times 10^{2}$ m

7. Which situation describes an object that has no unbalanced force acting on it?

(1) an apple free fall
(2) a satellite orbiting Earth
(3) a hockey puck moving at constant velocity across ice
(4) a laboratory cart moving down a frictionless $30.^{\circ}$ incline

8. A child riding a bicycle at $15$ meters per second accelerates at $-3.0$ meters per second^{2} for $4.0$ seconds. What is the child’s speed at the end of this $4.0$ -second interval?

(1) $12$ m/s
(2) $27$ m/s
(3) $3.0$ m/s
(4) $7.0$ m/s

9. An unbalanced force of $40.$ newtons keeps a $5.0$ -kilogram object traveling in a circle of radius $2.0$ meters. What is the speed of the object?

(1) $8.0$ m/s
(2) $2.0$ m/s
(3) $16$ m/s
(4) $4.0$ m/s

10. A $5.00$ -kilogra block slides along a horizontal, frictionless surface at $10.0$ meters per second for $4.00$ seconds. The magnitude of the block’s momentum is

(1) $200.$ kg $\bullet$ m/s
(2) $50.0$ kg $\bullet$ m/s
(3) $20.0$ kg $\bullet$ m/s
(4) $12.5$ kg $\bullet$ m/s

11. A $0.50$ -kilogram puck sliding on a horizontal shuffleboard court is slowed to rest by a frictional force of $12$ newtons. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the puck and the surface of the shuffleboard court?

(1) $0.24$
(2) $0.42$
(3) $0.60$
(4) $4.1$

12. A number of $1.0$ -newton horizontal forces are exerted on a block on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Which top-view diagram shows the forces producing the greatest magnitude of acceleration of the block?

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

13. On a small planet, an astronaut uses a vertical force of $175$ newtons to lift an $87.5$ -kilogram boulder at constant velocity to a height of $0.350$ meter above the planet’s surface. What is the magnitude of the gravitational field strength on the surface of the planet?

(1) $0.500$ N/kg
(2) $2.00$ N/kg
(3) $9.81$ N/kg
(4) $61.3$ N/kg

14. A car uses its brakes to stop on a level road. During this process, there must be a conversion of kinetic energy into

(1) light energy
(2) nuclear energy
(3) gravitational potential energy
(4) internal energy

15. Which change decreases the resistance of a piece of copper wire?

(1) increasing the wire’s length
(2) increasing the wire’s resistivity
(3) decreasing the wire’s temperature
(4) decreasing the wire’s diameter

16. A stone on the end of a string is whirled clockwise at a constant speed in a horizontal circle as shown in the diagram below.

Which pair of arrows best represent the directions of the stone’s velocity, $v$ , and acceleration, $a$ , at the position shown?

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

17. How much work is done by the force lifting a $0.1$ -kilogram hamburger vertically upward at constant velocity $0.3$ meter from a table?

(1) $0.03$ J
(2) $0.1$ J
(3) $0.3$ J
(4) $0.4$ J

18. Two electrons are separated by a distance of $3.00 \times 10^{-6}$ meter. What are the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic forces each exerts on the other?

(1) $2.56 \times 10^{-17}$ N away from each other
(2) $2.56 \times 10^{-17}$ N toward each other
(3) $7.67 \times 10^{-23}$ N away from each other
(4) $7.67 \times 10^{-23}$ toward each other

19. Which object will have the greatest change in electrical energy?

(1) an electron moved through a potential difference of $2.0$ V
(2) a metal sphere with a charge of $1.0 \times 10^{-9}$ C moved through a potential difference of $2.0$ V
(3) an electron moved through a potential difference of $4.0$ V
(4) a metal sphere with a charge of $1.0 \times 10^{-9}$ C moved through a potential difference of $4.0$ V

20. The resistance of a circuit remains constant. Which graph best represents the relationship between the current in the circuit and the potential difference provided by the battery?

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

21. The wavelength of a wave doubles as it travels from medium $A$ into medium $B$ . Compared to the wave in medium $A$ , the wave in medium $B$ has

(1) half the speed
(2) twice the speed
(3) half the frequency
(4) twice the frequency

22. The watt $\bullet$ second is a unit of

(1) power
(2) energy
(3) potential difference
(4) electric field strength

23. Which quantity has both a magnitude and a direction?

(1) energy
(2) impulse
(3) power
(4) work

24. A tuning fork vibrates at a frequency of $512$ hertz when struck with a rubber hammer. The sound produced by the tuning fork will travel through the air as a

(1) longitudinal wave with air molecules vibrating parallel to the direction of travel
(2) transverse wave with air molecules vibrating parallel to the direction of travel
(3) longitudinal wave with air molecules vibrating perpendicular to the direction of travel
(4) transverse wave with air molecules vibrating perpendicular to the direction of travel

25. A $3$ -ohm resistor and a $6$ -ohm resistor are connected in parallel across a $9$ -volt battery. Which statement best compares the potential difference across each resistor?

(1) The potential difference across the $6$ -ohm resistor is the same as the potential difference across the $3$ -ohm resistor.
(2) The potential difference across the $6$ -ohm resistor is twice as great as the potential difference across the $3$ -ohm resistor.
(3) The potential difference across the $6$ -ohm resistor is half as great as the potential difference across the $3$ -ohm resistor.
(4) The potential difference across the $6$ -ohm resistor is four times as great as the potential difference across the $3$ -ohm resistor.

26. A $3.6$ -volt battery is used to operate a cell phone for $5.0$ minutes. If the cell phone dissipates $0.064$ watt of power during its operation, the current that passes through the phone is

(1) $0.018$ A
(2) $5.3$ A
(3) $19$ A
(4) $56$ A

27. A monochromatic beam of light has a frequency of $7.69\times10^{14}$ hertz. What is the energy of a photon of this light?

(1) $2.59 \times 10^{-40}$ J
(2) $6.92 \times 10^{-31}$ J
(3) $5.10 \times 10^{-19}$ J
(4) $3.90 \times 10^{-7}$ J

28. A $3.00 \times 10^{-9}$ -coulomb test charge is placed near a negatively charged metal sphere. The sphere exerts an electrostatic force of magnitude $6.00 \times 10^{-5}$ Newton on the test charge. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field strength at this location?

(1) $2.00 \times 10^{4}$ N/C directed away from the sphere
(2) $2.00 \times 10^{4}$ N/C directed toward the sphere
(3) $5.00 \times 10^{-5}$ N/C directed away from the sphere
(4) $5.00 \times 10^{-5}$ directed toward the sphere

29. What is characteristic of both sound waves and electromagnetic waves?

(1) They require a medium.
(2) They transfer energy.
(3) They are mechanical waves.
(4) They are longitudinal waves.

30. A small object is dropped through a loop of wire connected to a sensitive ammeter on the edge of a table, as shown in the diagram below.

A reading on the ammeter is most likely produced when the object falling through the loop wire is a

(1) flashlight battery
(2) bar magnet
(3) brass mass
(4) plastic ruler

31. What is the wavelength of a $2.50$ -kilohertz sound wave traveling at $326$ meters per second through air?

(1) $0.130$ m
(2) $1.30$ m
(3) $7.67$ m
(4) $130.$ m

32. Ultrasound is a medical technique that transmits sound waves through soft tissue in the human body. Ultrasound waves can break kidney stones into tiny fragments, making it easier for them to be excreted without pain. The shattering of kidney stones with specific frequencies of sound waves is an application of which wave phenomenon?

(1) the Doppler effect
(2) reflection
(3) refraction
(4) resonance

33. In the diagram below, a stationary source located at point $S$ produces sound having a constant frequency of $512$ hertz. Observer $A$ , $50.$ meters to the left of $S$ , hears a frequency of $512$ hertz. Observer $B$ , $100.$ meters to the right of $S$ , hears a frequency lower than $512$ hertz.

Which statement best describes the motion of the observers?

(1) Observer $A$ is moving toward point $S$ , and observer $B$ is stationary.
(2) Observer $A$ is moving away from point $S$ , and observer $B$ is stationary.
(3) Observer $A$ is stationary, and observer $B$ is moving toward point $S$ .
(4) Observer $A$ is stationary, and observer $B$ is moving away from point $S$ .

34. While sitting in a boat, a fisherman observes that two complete waves pass by his position every $4$ seconds. What is the period of these waves?

(1) $0.5$ s
(2) $2$ s
(3) $8$ s
(4) $4$ s

35. A wave passes through an opening in a barrier. The amount of diffraction experienced by the wave depends on the size of the opening and the wave’s

(1) amplitude
(2) wavelength
(3) velocity
(4) phase

36. The length of a football field is closest to

(1) $1000$ cm
(2) $1000$ dm
(3) $1000$ km
(4) $1000$ mm

37. A student on an amusement park ride moves in a circular path with a radius of $3.5$ meters once every $8.9$ seconds. The student moves at an average speed of

(1) $0.39$ m/s
(2) $1.2$ m/s
(3) $2.5$ m/s
(4) $4.3$ m/s

38. When a $1.0$ -kilogram cart moving with a speed of $0.50$ meter per second on a horizontal surface collides with a second $1.0$ -kilogram cart initially at rest, the carts lock together. What is the speed of the combined carts after the collision? [Neglect friction.]

(1) $1.0$ m/s
(2) $0.50$ m/s
(3) $0.25$ m/s
(4) $0$ m/s

39. Two elevators, $A$ and $B$ , move at a constant speed. Elevator $B$ moves with twice the speed of elevator $A$ . Elevator $B$ weighs twice as much as elevator $A$ . Compared to the power needed to lift elevator $A$ , the power needed to lift elevator $B$ is

(1) the same
(2) twice as great
(3) half as great
(4) four times as great

40. What is the maximum height to which a motor having a power rating of $20.4$ watts can lift a $5.00$ -kilogram stone vertically in $10.0$ seconds?

(1) $0.0416$ m
(2) $0.408$ m
(3) $4.16$ m
(4) $40.8$ m

41. What is the current in a wire if $3.4 \times 10^{19}$ electrons pass by a point in this wire every $60$ seconds?

(1) $1.8 \times 10^{-18}$ A
(2) $3.1 \times 10^{-11}$ A
(3) $9.1 \times 10^{-2}$ A
(4) $11$ A

42. Which graph represents the relationship between the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by Earth on a spacecraft and the distance between the center of the spacecraft and center of Earth? [Assume constant mass for the spacecraft.]

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

43. To increase the brightness of a desk lamp, a student replaces a $50$ -watt incandescent lightbulb with a $100$ -watt incandescent lightbulb. Compared to the $50$ -watt lightbulb, the $100$ -watt lightbulb has

(1) less resistance and draws more current
(2) less resistance and draws less current
(3) more resistance and draws more current
(4) more resistance and draws less current

44. Electrons in excited hydrogen atoms are in the $n=3$ energy level. How many different photon frequencies could be emitted as the atoms return to the ground state?

(1) $1$
(2) $2$
(3) $3$
(4) $4$

45. The diagram below represents a setup for demonstrating motion.

When the lever is released, the support rod withdraws from ball $B$ , allowing it to fall. At the same instant, the rod contacts ball $A$ , propelling it horizontally to the left. Which statement describes the motion that is observed after the lever is released and the balls fall? [Neglect friction.]

(1) Ball $A$ travels at constant velocity.
(2) Ball $A$ hits the tabletop at the same time as ball $B$ .
(3) Ball $B$ hits the tabletop before ball $A$ .
(4) Ball $B$ travels with an increasing acceleration.

46. Two speakers, $S_{1}$ and $S_{2}$ , operating in phase in the same medium produce the circular wave patterns shown in the diagram below.

At which two points is constructive interference occurring?

(1) $A$ and $B$
(2) $A$ and $D$
(3) $B$ and $C$
(4) $B$ and $D$

47. A $100.0$ -kilogram boy and a $50.0$ -kilogram girl, each holding a spring scale, pull against each other as shown in the diagram below.

The graph below shows the relationship between the magnitude of the force that the boy applies on his spring scale and time.

Which graph best represents the relationship between the magnitude of the force that the girl applies on her spring scale and time?

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

48. In which diagram do the field lines best represent the gravitational field around Earth?

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

49. A ray of light ( $f=5.09 \times 10^{14}$ Hz) travels through various substances. Which graph best represents the relationship between the absolute index of refraction of these substances and the corresponding speed of light in these substances?

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

50. A pendulum is made from a $7.50$ -kilogram mass attached to a rope connected to the ceiling of a gymnasium. The mass is pushed to the side until it is at position $A$ , $1.5$ meters higher than its equilibrium position. After it is released from rest at position $A$ , the pendulum moves freely back and forth between positions $A$ and $B$ , as shown in the diagram below.

What is the total amount of kinetic energy that the mass has as it swings freely through its equilibrium position? [Neglect friction.]

(1) $11$ J
(2) $94$ J
(3) $110$ J
(4) $920$ J